ABSTRACT
The plants of the Colchicum family were known during the archaic period in Greece for their deleterious properties. Later on, they were used for the treatment of podagra. The treatment was introduced by the ancient Greek physicians and passed on to the Byzantine and Arabian physicians to endure until nowadays. The first plant was most probably named "Medea" from the notorious Colchican witch. As the most common member of the family blossoms in autumn, the plant was named Colchicum autumnale. Various nominations were also used, such as Ephemeron, Hermodactyl, Anima articulorum and Surugen. Our article discusses them, while at the same time presents the most notable authorities who have used Colchicum plants in herbal medicine and toxicology.
Subject(s)
Colchicine/therapeutic use , Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use , Gout/drug therapy , Writing , Byzantium , Colchicine/history , Colchicum/chemistry , Gout Suppressants/history , Greece , History, Ancient , Humans , Plants, Medicinal/chemistryABSTRACT
Colchicine is a tricyclic alkaloid extracted from the herbaceous plant Colchicum autumnale. Known since antiquity for its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of gout, colchicine was reintroduced in 19th century pharmacopeia, thanks to the work of the French chemists and pharmacists Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou (1795-1877) who in 1819, isolated a peculiar substance in the roots of Colchicum autumnale. In 1833, the substance was further analyzed by the German pharmacist and chemist Philipp Lorenz Geiger (1785-1836), who coined the name colchicine. In 1884, the French pharmacist Alfred Houde (1854-1919) produced for the first time pure crystallized colchicine in granules of 1milligram which is still sold under this trade name in several countries. In the last two centuries, colchicine's indications were furthermore expanded. From anti-gout drug during antiquity and a diuretic in 19th century, colchicine is currently administered in several affections such as Adamantiades-Behcet's disease, familial Mediterranean fever, pericarditis and atrial fibrillation.
Subject(s)
Colchicine/isolation & purification , Gout Suppressants/isolation & purification , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Behcet Syndrome/drug therapy , Colchicine/history , Colchicine/therapeutic use , Familial Mediterranean Fever/drug therapy , Gout/drug therapy , Gout Suppressants/history , Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use , History, 19th Century , Humans , Pericarditis/drug therapyABSTRACT
Colchicine is a treatment for gout that has been used for more than a millennium. It is the treatment of choice for familial Mediterranean fever and its associated complication, amyloidosis. The 2009 U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of colchicine as a new drug had research consequences. Recent investigations with large cohorts of patients with gout who have been taking colchicine for years have demonstrated novel applications within oncology, immunology, cardiology and dermatology. Some emerging dermatological uses include the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, leucocytoclastic vasculitis, aphthous stomatitis and others. In this work we relate the history and the new horizon of this ancient medicine.
Subject(s)
Colchicine/therapeutic use , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use , Tubulin Modulators/therapeutic use , Colchicine/history , Colchicine/pharmacology , Familial Mediterranean Fever/drug therapy , Gout/drug therapy , Gout/history , Gout Suppressants/history , Gout Suppressants/pharmacology , History, 19th Century , History, 21st Century , History, Ancient , Humans , Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy , Skin Diseases/drug therapy , Stomatitis, Aphthous/drug therapy , Tubulin Modulators/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The British Journal of Hospital Medicine is 50 years old. This article takes a look back at articles published during the year of its inception from the British Medical Journal, the Lancet and the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Subject(s)
Periodicals as Topic/history , Abortion, Induced/history , Acetaminophen/history , Acetaminophen/toxicity , Adrenocortical Adenoma/history , Allopurinol/history , Allopurinol/therapeutic use , Analgesics/history , Analgesics/toxicity , Antineoplastic Agents/history , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Attitude of Health Personnel , Attitude to Health , Bird Fancier's Lung/history , Celiac Disease/complications , Celiac Disease/history , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/history , Dermatitis Herpetiformis/complications , Dermatitis Herpetiformis/history , Drug Discovery/history , Gout/drug therapy , Gout/history , Gout Suppressants/history , Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use , Graft Rejection/history , Graft Rejection/immunology , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/history , History, 20th Century , Humans , Medicare/history , Publishing/history , United Kingdom , United StatesSubject(s)
Biomedical Research/history , Pharmacogenetics/history , Allopurinol/history , Allopurinol/therapeutic use , Gout Suppressants/history , Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/history , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Leadership , Mentors , Metformin/history , Metformin/therapeutic use , Pharmacogenetics/education , United StatesSubject(s)
Colchicine/history , Gout Suppressants/history , Colchicine/therapeutic use , England , France , Gout/drug therapy , Gout/history , Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use , Greek World/history , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, Ancient , Humans , Roman World/historyABSTRACT
Gout is relatively unique among rheumatological diseases in that its effects were common and, at least in history, disproportionately represented in prominent authority figures. Effective treatments have only been available for just over a century and therefore for the most part, the disease has run relatively unchecked. Consequently, it may have had global ramifications. The history of gout, from apocryphal orthodoxy to medical clarity, is reviewed, using a few of the more colourful characters in its considerable pantheon.